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Innovative, propane-powered soil steam technology is a breakthrough method for eliminating soil pathogens and weed seeds, particularly beneficial for organic farmers or those looking to reduce the use of potentially harmful chemicals. This newest technology leverages the power of propane to create a more sustainable and effective solution for soil sanitization.
Researchers at the University of California Davis and University of Arizona began the project in 2020 with funding support from the Propane Education & Research Council (PERC). The banded applicator injects steam along the seed line before planting. Researchers say heating the soil to 150-160 degrees Fahrenheit for 15-20 minutes controls more than 90% of certain troublesome weeds.
What Is Soil Steam Technology?
Propane soil steam technology involves using steam to sanitize the soil, killing pathogens, pests, and weed seeds. Soil steam equipment uses propane to heat water and create steam, which is then injected into the soil. This method is environmentally friendly, reducing the need for chemical pesticides or herbicides, making it an ideal solution for organic farmers and beyond.
Why Propane?
Environmental Sustainability: Unlike chemical herbicides, which can contaminate soil and water and harm non-target organisms, soil steam technology relies solely on heat while remaining extremely effective. Propane produces fewer emissions, reducing the environmental impact of farming operations, and produces minimal emissions compared to gasoline or diesel, making it a greener choice for pest and weed control.
Effective Pathogen and Weed Control: Propane-powered soil steam units effectively eliminate a wide range of soil pathogens and weed seeds. The high temperatures achieved by these units ensure thorough sanitization for healthier crop growth.
Improved Soil Health: Soil steaming technology reduces the need for chemical treatments, for optimal soil health and minimal ecosystem interruptions. Healthy soil supports better crop growth for higher yields and better-quality produce.
Organic Farming Compliance: Propane-powered soil steam units align with sustainable farming principles and practices. Farmers using soil steam technology can easily meet organic certification requirements.
Real-World Experiences
Recent field testing showed the soil steaming process reduced weeding times by 73% compared to standard herbicide, and increased lettuce yields by 25% where lettuce drop was present. Propane also presents significant fuel cost savings compared to diesel models.
Steve Fennimore, professor of Cooperative Extension at the University of California-Davis, has been conducting a research and extension program focused on weed management since 1997 and is currently focusing on the development of field-scale steam applicators to reduce the need for chemical fumigation.
“An incredible benefit to this technique is that we don’t have to treat the entire field and are instead able to target exactly where the disinfestation is needed,” said Fennimore. “Not only does soil steam technology allow producers to get into the field almost immediately after using it, the effects last weeks to months because it takes a while for the pest to reinvade what is now clean.”
By integrating new propane-powered soil steam technology into weed and pest management efforts, farmers can enhance crop quality, boost yields, and contribute to a more sustainable future in agriculture.
Learn more about how propane is used in agricultural operations.
